What is the role of HNO_3 in the nitrating mi | vedclass

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(A) In the nitration of benzene,a mixture of concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$ is used. In this mixture,$H_2SO_4$ acts as a strong acid

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

It acts as a base.

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(A) In the nitration of benzene,a mixture of concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$ is used. In this mixture,$H_2SO_4$ acts as a strong acid and protonates $HNO_3$. $HNO_3 + H_2SO_4 \rightleftharpoons H_2NO_3^+ + HSO_4^-$. The protonated nitric acid $(H_2NO_3^+)$ then loses water to form the nitronium ion $(NO_2^+)$,which is the electrophile. $H_2NO_3^+ \rightleftharpoons NO_2^+ + H_2O$. Since $HNO_3$ accepts a proton from $H_2SO_4$ to form the nitronium ion,it acts as a base in this reaction.

What is the role of $HNO_3$ in the nitrating mixture used for the nitration of benzene?

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